{"id":131301,"date":"2024-08-14T22:40:50","date_gmt":"2024-08-14T19:40:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bionley.com\/tr\/?p=131301"},"modified":"2026-02-21T22:19:49","modified_gmt":"2026-02-21T19:19:49","slug":"fitoterapi-ve-bitkisel-ekstrelerin-kullanimi-tarihce-cesitler-ve-hazirlama-yontemleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bionley.com\/tr\/fitoterapi-ve-bitkisel-ekstrelerin-kullanimi-tarihce-cesitler-ve-hazirlama-yontemleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Fitoterapi ve Bitkisel Ekstrelerin Kullan\u0131m\u0131: Tarih\u00e7e, \u00c7e\u015fitler ve Haz\u0131rlama Y\u00f6ntemleri"},"content":{"rendered":"
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1. Fitoterapi ve Tarih\u00e7esi<\/h3>\n

\u0130nsano\u011flu \u00e7a\u011flar i\u00e7erisinde hastal\u0131k gibi ola\u011fan aktivitelerine engel olan durumlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda gerek g\u00f6zlem gerekse deneme yan\u0131lma yoluyla baz\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler elde etmi\u015flerdir. \u00d6zellikle \u00e7evrelerindeki bitkilerin meyveleri, tohumlar\u0131, \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri, yapraklar\u0131, dallar\u0131 ya da k\u00f6kleri ile denemeler yap\u0131p ilk ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 elde etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Y\u0131llar i\u00e7erisinde bu bitkilerin kullan\u0131lan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirdi\u011fi sorunlar\u0131 g\u00f6zleyerek ya da varsayarak nesilden nesile aktarm\u0131\u015f ve insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortak miras\u0131 haline getirmi\u015flerdir. Bu ortak miras belki on binlerce belki de y\u00fczbinlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k insanl\u0131k tarihi i\u00e7inde olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen yak\u0131n bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fte incelenmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hipokrat gibi \u0130bn-i Sina gibi me\u015fhur t\u0131p adamlar\u0131 bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flatanlar\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc durumundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130lerleyen s\u00fcre\u00e7te bu ortak miras, geli\u015fen teknoloji ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemleri ile detayl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 do\u011furmu\u015f ve yepyeni bir t\u0131p anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bug\u00fcn hepimizin bildi\u011fi \u2018modern\u2019 ya da \u2018bat\u0131\u2019 t\u0131bb\u0131 ifadeleri bunu anlatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2. Bitkisel Ekstreler ve \u00c7e\u015fitleri<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Bitkisel ekstre, ham do\u011fal materyalin veya kimyasal kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ile t\u00fcketilmesi ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcm\u00fcyle veya k\u0131smen uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluyla haz\u0131rlanan koyu k\u0131vaml\u0131 \u00f6z (\u00f6z\u00fct ekstrakt). Genellikle kuru bitkisel veya hayvansal droglardan elde edilen s\u0131v\u0131, kat\u0131 veya yar\u0131kat\u0131 k\u0131vamda yo\u011fun preparatlard\u0131r. Bazen ekstresi haz\u0131rlanacak drog enzim inaktivasyonu, \u00f6\u011f\u00fctme ya da ya\u011f\u0131ndan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma gibi \u00f6n i\u015flemlere tabi tutulabilir.<\/p>\n

Bitkisel Ekstreler \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • S\u0131v\u0131 Ekstre<\/strong>: Bir k\u0131s\u0131m k\u00fctlesi veya hacmi orijinal kuru drogun bir k\u0131s\u0131m k\u00fctlesine e\u015fde\u011fer ak\u0131\u015fkan preparatlard\u0131r. Uygun antimikrobiyal koruyucu i\u00e7erir.<\/li>\n
  • Kuru Ekstre<\/strong>: \u00dcretim sonunda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn u\u00e7urularak uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kat\u0131 preparatlard\u0131r. Kuru madde i\u00e7eri\u011fi genellikle %95\u2019ten az de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n
  • Yumu\u015fak Ekstre<\/strong>: S\u0131v\u0131 ya da kat\u0131 ekstreler aras\u0131nda bir k\u0131vama sahip preparatlard\u0131r. \u00dcretimde kullan\u0131lan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131smen buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile elde edilir. Kuru bakiye oran\u0131 genellikle k\u00fctlesinin %70\u2019inden az de\u011fildir. Uygun antimikrobiyal koruyucu i\u00e7erir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    3. Standardize Ekstre ve Bitkisel \u0130la\u00e7lar<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Standardize ekstre, bitki ekstresi i\u00e7erisindeki bir veya birka\u00e7 etkili madde veya i\u015faretleyici maddenin birim \u00fcr\u00fcn form\u00fclasyonu i\u00e7inde belirtilen miktar\u0131n\u0131n (% veya a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k) belirtilen d\u00fczeyde oldu\u011fu\/garanti edildi\u011fi ekstrelerdir. Uygun inert maddeler kullan\u0131larak veya \u00fcretiminde ba\u015fka bitkisel veya hayvansal ekstrelerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla bile\u015fiklerin istenen miktarda olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle her bir doz ile ayn\u0131 fizyolojik cevab\u0131n sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumdur.<\/p>\n

    Bitkisel ila\u00e7lar\u0131n standardizasyonu i\u00e7in bilinen terap\u00f6tik aktiviteye sahip bile\u015fiklerin veya mark\u00f6rlerin kantitatif tayininin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Spesifik olmayan durumlarda ise bitkisel ekstrenin kromatografik kimli\u011fini saptamak i\u00e7in \u201cfingerprint-parmak izi analizi\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan teknik kullan\u0131larak farmas\u00f6tik preparat haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 olanakl\u0131 hale getirilir.<\/p>\n

    4. Bitkisel Ekstre Haz\u0131rlama Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/h3>\n
      \n
    • Tent\u00fcr<\/strong>: Maserasyon, perkolasyon veya valide edilmi\u015f ba\u015fka bir uygun y\u00f6ntemle ve uygun konsantrasyonda alkol kullan\u0131larak haz\u0131rlanan preparatlard\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    • Bitki \u00c7aylar\u0131<\/strong>: Avrupa Farmakopesi\u2019ne g\u00f6re a\u011f\u0131zdan kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in dekoksiyon, inf\u00fczyon veya maserasyon ile haz\u0131rlanarak kullan\u0131lan bir veya birden \u00e7ok drogdan ibaret preparatlard\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    • T\u0131bbi \u00c7aylar<\/strong>: G\u00fcnl\u00fck rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar olarak belirtilen \u015fik\u00e2yetlerin iyile\u015ftirilmesinde tedavi edici de\u011fere sahip etken maddeler i\u00e7eren bitki veya bitkilerin par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan hastal\u0131klardan koruyucu, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta tedavi edici veya tedaviyi destekleyici olarak yararlan\u0131lan \u00e7aylard\u0131r.\n
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      • \u0130nf\u00fczyon (Demleme)<\/strong>: Bitki veya bitki kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerine kaynat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve belli bir dereceye kadar so\u011futulmu\u015f su ilave edilir, 5-10 dakika demlenir, s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcr, s\u0131cak veya so\u011fuk i\u00e7ilir. Bu y\u00f6ntem bilhassa u\u00e7ucu ya\u011f ihtiva eden droglarda ve toprak \u00fcst\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131m (herba), yaprak, \u00e7i\u00e7ek gibi k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 kullan\u0131lan bitkilerde uygulan\u0131r.<\/li>\n
      • Dekoksiyon (Kaynatma)<\/strong>: Bitki veya bitki kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine so\u011fuk su ilave edilir, 5-10 dakika kaynat\u0131l\u0131r, birka\u00e7 dakika demlenir, s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcr, s\u0131cak veya so\u011fuk i\u00e7ilir. Bilhassa k\u00f6k, kabuk, odun gibi sert k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 kullan\u0131lan bitkilerde uygulan\u0131r.<\/li>\n
      • Maserasyon (Islatma-Bekletme)<\/strong>: Bitki veya bitki kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine so\u011fuk su ilave edilir, birka\u00e7 saatten bir-iki g\u00fcne kadar de\u011fi\u015fen s\u00fcrede oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bekletilir (arada s\u0131rada \u00e7alkalamak veya kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak faydal\u0131d\u0131r), s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcr, so\u011fuk olarak veya \u0131s\u0131t\u0131larak i\u00e7ilir. Bilhassa keten, hatmi, ebeg\u00fcmeci, salep gibi m\u00fcsilajl\u0131 droglarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u0131cakl\u0131k m\u00fcsilajl\u0131 maddelerin ak\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltarak s\u00fcz\u00fclmesini g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirir. Ayr\u0131ca t\u0131bbi \u00e7aya ge\u00e7mesi istenmeyen etkili maddeler varsa ve bu maddeler s\u0131cak suda daha fazla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcyorsa maserasyon yapmak uygundur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • T\u0131bbi Ya\u011flar<\/strong>: Belli miktarda kuru drogun, belli miktarda zeytinya\u011f\u0131 veya uygun sabit ya\u011flar i\u00e7inde iki-d\u00f6rt hafta kadar g\u00fcne\u015fte tutulmas\u0131 ve sonra s\u00fcz\u00fclmesi ile elde edilen ya\u011flard\u0131r.<\/li>\n
      • Kokulu Ya\u011flar<\/strong>: Kokulu \u00e7i\u00e7ek veya bitki par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n belirli s\u00fcreler boyunca zeytinya\u011f\u0131 veya susam ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde tutulmas\u0131 ve sonra s\u00fcz\u00fclmesi ile elde edilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        “Kaynak: Fitoterapi Uygulamas\u0131 Kitab\u0131”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        1. Fitoterapi ve Tarih\u00e7esi \u0130nsano\u011flu \u00e7a\u011flar i\u00e7erisinde hastal\u0131k gibi ola\u011fan aktivitelerine engel olan durumlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda gerek g\u00f6zlem gerekse deneme yan\u0131lma […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":131302,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-131301","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel"],"yoast_head":"\nFitoterapi ve Bitkisel Ekstrelerin Kullan\u0131m\u0131: Tarih\u00e7e, \u00c7e\u015fitler ve Haz\u0131rlama Y\u00f6ntemleri - Bionley<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bionley.com\/tr\/fitoterapi-ve-bitkisel-ekstrelerin-kullanimi-tarihce-cesitler-ve-hazirlama-yontemleri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fitoterapi ve Bitkisel Ekstrelerin Kullan\u0131m\u0131: Tarih\u00e7e, \u00c7e\u015fitler ve Haz\u0131rlama Y\u00f6ntemleri\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"1. 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